Understanding ancient ocean temperatures—particularly from the Cenozoic era (the past 66 million years), in which Earth experienced dramatic climate shifts—helps scientists reveal more about the ...

Studying changes in marine biogeographic patterns and the factors impacting these patterns over geological time can help scientists understand current responses in organisms due to human-driven ...

According to a new study from an international team led by researchers, the oxygen-deficient zones that occur in the open ocean shrank in long warm periods of the past. When oxygen becomes scarce, ...

The Cenozoic Era has witnessed profound shifts in climate, topography and plant communities over the past 66 million years, driven by tectonic reorganisations, orbital cycles and atmospheric ...

The Cenozoic era witnessed a profound transformation of Earth’s climate from a greenhouse world to the present icehouse state. Throughout this interval, evolving plate tectonics, seaway ...

Learn about the time period that took place 65 to 23 million years ago. 3 min read At the dawn of the Paleogene—the beginning of the Cenozoic era—dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and giant marine reptiles were ...

Studying changes in marine biogeographic patterns, and the factors impacting these patterns over geological time, can help scientists understand current responses­ in organisms due to human-driven ...