Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), also referred to as a herniated disc, is a common spine pathology that occurs approximately 95% of the time at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 level (Fisher et al., 2004; Asch et ...
The L5-S1 joint can be vulnerable to misalignment or injury. Common causes of pain at L5-S1 include disc herniation and spondylolisthesis. Pain from L5-S1 is often treated with various methods, ...