From 1861 to 1865, the United States was ripped in two by war – with the Union in the North and the seceded states, the Confederacy, in the South. These four years witnessed unprecedented bloodshed, ...

The Lower South secedes -- The Confederate States of America -- Secession runs its course -- A new day dawns -- Enemies, spies, and traitors -- and Reconstruction -- Consolidating the government -- ...

The surrender of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia to Union Gen. Ulysses S. Grant near Appomattox on April 9, 1865 was an event remembered as essentially the end of the ...

Editor's Note: Shauna Devine, Ph.D., is a historian of Civil War and American medicine. She has a Ph.D. in medical history and currently holds a joint appointment as a research fellow at the Schulich ...