Social wound care plays a life-saving role in taxa as diverse as primates, ungulates, and insects. Yet the organizational principles that underlie this behavior remain unknown. In eusocial animals ...

The PNAS Editorial Board is made up of NAS members who are active scientists and experts in their fields. On submission, your paper is assigned to an Editorial Board member in one of the 31 NAS ...

NAS members may contribute up to two research manuscripts annually, which must be within the member’s area of expertise and in which the member had a direct, significant role in the design and ...

The Democracy Index finding holds up best. Its negative direct effect on offensive VEI (we use β for SDM coefficients throughout) survives spatial adjustment in every bivariate specification (Table 1) ...

Formation of knots in mathematical self-avoiding random walks has been extensively studied (10 – 16). In the 1960s, Frisch and Wasserman (10) and Delbruck (11) conjectured that the probability of ...

Open in Viewer RoBMA PSMA model-averaged posterior mean effect size estimates with 95% credible intervals and Bayes factors for the absence of the effect for the combined sample or split by either the ...

To help advance the species definition for prokaryotes, we have compared the gene content of 70 closely related and fully sequenced bacterial genomes to identify whether species boundaries exist, and ...

We report free-standing atomic crystals that are strictly 2D and can be viewed as individual atomic planes pulled out of bulk crystals or as unrolled single-wall nanotubes. By using micromechanical ...

Edge detection is a fundamental tool in image processing, computing, and machine vision. Compared with digital processes, optical analog approaches show enormous advantages owing to its intrinsic ...

Edited by Paul Falkowski, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; received October 29, 2025; accepted January 31, 2026 ...

Fortunately, this deficiency can be overcome when polysaccharides are covalently conjugated to carrier proteins, because in this case, the B cells that recognize the polysaccharide on FDCs retrieve ...

Did it all begin with hydrogen cyanide? A. M. Nauth et al., Synthesis of α-aminonitriles using aliphatic nitriles, α-amino acids, and hexacyanoferrate as universally applicable non-toxic cyanide ...