Carl von Clausewitz's On War remains one of the foundational readings in professional military education. Nearly two centuries after its publication, senior military officers around the world, from ...

The nature of Armenia's relationship with the USA is quite complex. For years Armenia had to cope with a serious dilemma in defining its foreign policy. On the one hand, ever since its independence ...

Recent revelations of Chinese government-backed hacking show a recurring pattern: prominent hackers behind groups such as APT17, APT27, APT41, Flax Typhoon, and Red Hotel—monikers given by ...

Gorana Grgić and Daniel Möckli place this year’s edition of Strategic Trends in the context of profound changes in the international order, characterized by shifting power balances, increasing rivalry ...

In September 2021, Australia, the UK, and the US announced the creation of a trilateral security partnership named AUKUS. The new format is intended to strengthen defense cooperation between the three ...

Reports and information disclosures by threat intelligence providers, government agencies, think tanks, and online hacktivists have exposed China’s elaborate multifaceted “hack-for-hire” ecosystem ...

Space systems are an integral part of modern war fighting. Militaries use them to conduct everything from reconnaissance to communications and data transfers, mission planning, and maintain ...

The Ukrainian military situational awareness platform Delta (Дельта) is at the heart of this CSS report. Initially developed in 2015 by Aerorozvidka (Аеророзвідка – then military unit A2724), the ...

This chapter addresses the types of cyber operations that were conducted against the space sector as well as the types of space entities that have been targeted by threat actors in the context of the ...

Islamist armed actors frame their struggle in terms derived from the Qur’an and the Prophetic traditions. In recent years, such groups have expanded and consolidated power in different intrastate ...

The IT Army of Ukraine was stood up in an ad-hoc manner without a clearly structured and proven plan. Born out of necessity, the IT Army subsequently evolved into a hybrid construct that is neither ...

The Center for Security Studies’ annual flagship publication, Strategic Trends, identifies key developments shaping international politics and global order. Today’s geopolitical landscape is marked by ...